3 Skills to be an AWESOME Product Leader

Businesses change fast. Staying competitive is hard. Innovation is relentless.

But organizations can navigate these challenges more effectively if they rely on strong product leaders. How can you be that person?

With stellar industry knowledge and the ability to adapt quickly, product leaders drive strategic initiatives, ensuring their teams remain competitive and ahead of the curve. A product leader is key in any organization. But they are not all the same.

I have been coaching product leaders for years. In my sessions, I identified key skills that set apart good product leaders from outstanding ones: a partnership attitude, business awareness, and a growth mindset.

I bet you aspire to be in the outstanding product leaders group. Curious to know if you have what it takes? Keep reading to find out.

1. Partnership Attitude

You should never allow the product VS engineering or product VS sales mentality to take place at your company.

I know there are still many teams that look at each other as impediments on their way to success, but this needs to change. As a product leader, you should regard your engineering counterpart as your most important partner, and pass that mindset on to your team. Experienced leaders know that neither can be successful without the other and that nothing is more valuable than aligning on your collective ”WHERE TO?”

Great product and engineering leaders are like functional, healthy parents.

They might have their disagreements and fallouts, but they never show it in front of the children. In the same way, you might have opposing points of view but these should be managed collaboratively and no tension should be passed down to your teams.

Besides engineering, you also want to keep a partnership mindset with design, forming what Teresa Torres calls “Product Trios”, where teams “are jointly responsible for building a desirable, viable, feasible, usable, ethical product”. And don’t forget to employ the same thought process with sales or customer success, it’s only when all three teams work together to build, sell, and service a product that companies sustain long term growth.

To foster this kind of culture, you need to break down silos. How do you achieve this?

Start by ensuring that there is a shared understanding of the Product Vision, short-term goals, and long-term challenges. Everyone involved should use the same language, processes, and documentation.

Next, be mindful of how you communicate. Openness and transparency are crucial. Establish communication channels that everyone can use as a means to facilitate collaboration, and encourage people to participate actively.

Lastly, adopt a posture of empathy and mutual respect. Although you are all working towards the same goal of creating a great product, your paths to success may differ. Product and engineering teams come from different backgrounds and contribute unique perspectives to the conversation. Sales is often focused on this quarter’s quota and CS needs to keep customer satisfaction scores high. Instead of viewing differences in opinion as threats, keep an open mind and try to understand your counterparts' viewpoints.

“Partnership” is more than just a buzzword; it is a fundamental concept that you, as a product leader, should embrace and practice daily in your work, and instill down to your direct reports and across the organization.

2. Business Awareness

As a junior product manager, you might fall in love with the idea that the product you are working on is the center of the world.

But as an experienced product leader, you understand that if the product you are working on is only making the clients happy, something needs to change. You understand that a product is not the ultimate goal, but rather a means to an end. A product doesn’t only exist to serve clients; it also must help the business achieve its goals.

As a product leader, you must be deeply aware of these objectives, especially since your job is to understand and share them with your teams. The best product leaders regularly reinforce the desired outcomes (the “Where to?”) so that the people who report to you can make the necessary plans to make these goals happen.

You are the bridge between business strategy and product strategy. As Melissa Perri explains, “Product Strategy is a system of goals and related choices that work together to accomplish the mission and vision of the organization”. The mission and vision represent where you are going, and the strategy is the framework that guides decisions to get there together.

This emphasizes the need for that healthy partnership within your sales organization. It’s through them and the information they provide you that you understand the success - or failure - of your product strategy compared to the business goals. Based on these findings, you can proceed to change or fine-tune your strategy as you go along.

If you want to stand out as a product leader, being able to properly deploy the high-level objectives AND support the establishment of the lower-level metrics for success is key. As you progress in your career, these skills become increasingly valuable, and at CPO level, they are fundamental for your daily work, as I explain in this article.

3. Growth Mindset

As a product professional, you should be used to having an iterative approach to everything. You do that with your products, after all: you seek feedback and you take it as a base to improve and evolve towards your goals.

This doesn’t apply only to your products but also to yourself, your teams, and your processes. Constantly striving for better, improved versions of yourself and those around you is the mark of a distinguished product leader.

If you are unsure how to put this into practice, here are three practical ways you can do this:

Think of Yourself as a Product

You are a product leader, experienced in managing products. But have you ever thought of yourself as a product that can be managed? Your team as a product? Your processes as well?

When I say this, people frown at me.

But let me explain why I firmly believe that “everything is a product, even you”.

First, when defining Product Strategy, you should start with a vision. The same is true for your career, your teams, and your processes. Where do you see yourself in five years? What does the future look like? Crafting a personal vision directs your short-term goals and shapes your strategic choices.

Now, consider your current state. You do this for your products, but for yourself, you would ask questions like: What do my peers and managers appreciate about my work? Where have I been successful or failed? What skills do I have that are shining through or are underutilized?

Now that you have your vision and know where you stand, it’s time to set a strategy. Think about what are your unique selling propositions that only you can bring to an organization. Focus on how you can leverage those skills and experiences to launch yourself into the next step. And if you want support from your manager in doing this, I explain how you can earn it in this article.

Now, are you starting to see why you should look at yourself as a product?

Leverage the Jobs To Be Done Framework

Another way you can foster room for growth is by adopting the Jobs to Be Done (JTBD) framework.

This approach focuses on understanding the "job" or task that customers are trying to accomplish with your product. By exploring their motivation, JTBD aims to understand why people choose certain products and how you can help them progress and achieve their desired outcomes.

This mindset becomes even more critical when you realize that you are part of an ever-evolving organization and business landscape. The key to staying competitive is to adapt to changes and ideally, stay at the forefront of the innovation curve. And that’s where you will position yourself if you ask the right questions, like the ones that JTBD forces you to.

By adopting this mindset as a foundation and instilling it in your teams, you can foster a culture of flexibility and adaptation, ultimately leading to innovation.

Kaizen Everything

Finally, another way to apply the growth mindset is by having a kaizen attitude. This Japanese principle of continuous improvement is based on the idea that creating small positive changes will eventually lead to major improvements.

Some key ideas of kaizen include the belief that everything can always be improved, that nothing is status quo, and that adaptation is more important than perfectionism.

Kaizen is not just a specific action you take; it is an attitude that you can adopt at work (and in life!) that improves things, but also improves people. By “people” I mean both you and your teams. This will strengthen your position as a leader and contribute to the growth of your direct reports and, ultimately, the organization as a whole.

This growth mindset should be larger than you. As a product leader, it’s part of your role to nurture your direct reports to become the best possible version of themselves. By taking the steps above, you can lead by example and inspire your teams to cultivate a growth mindset as well. You will foster an environment where people will be encouraged to embrace challenges, seek new opportunities, and view setbacks as chances for learning and improvement.

Conclusion

In short, great product leadership combines healthy collaboration, strategic thinking, and a commitment to continuous improvement.

It sounds simple but navigating all this on your own can become challenging.

If you are looking for support to become awesome and get recognized for it, I invite you to check out my programs to find the right fit for you or schedule a FREE 30 min chat to talk about your current situation. You can also always send me an email at tami@tamireiss.com to share your story or a question.

16 Strategies for Growth Revisited

This post was originally created while working at ProduxLabs with Melissa Perri and has been updated and republished here because it is so foundational in much of the strategy work I do with my coaching clients.

Throughout my time as CPO in Residence at Insight Partners we were often brought in to work with product leaders on their roadmaps for growth. What often surprised me was how often the path they had chosen was the first or second option which had been discussed, or worse was simply what the CEO said to do.

During one of my sessions with Kevin Broom while he was CPO at Bynder, we started chatting about the various strategic paths available to move a company forward... we came up with 6 or so options. Then I had internal conversations with Walker Szurek and we realized that there were in fact 16 strategies out there. Together we also decided to classify them into the three main business goals: Revenue Growth, Revenue Retention, and Cost Saving. We further sub-classified over time and improved the details around each of the strategies.

As a product leader, you have the responsibility to plan strategically for your company to grow its customer base and revenue. Thanks to years of other people growing companies, there are standard playbooks for how to accelerate your company’s trajectory which are most often geared towards sales and marketing. We created one for product leaders. Don't be afraid that other people have taken these steps before and therefore you won't be original. In fact, as I learned from Nicolaj Siggelkow "Strategic decisions are those which leverage your competitive advantages and unique strengths." Therefore, what you choose to do and how you execute on it should always be unique to your situation.

We created list of 16 Strategies for growth with two purposes in mind. The first is for leaders who are thinking about what the next big strategic step should be and to be sure you’ve entertained all the options. Additionally, it's a great way to teach up and coming product leaders about creating strong strategies by exposing them to the full gamut of paths.  It’s very easy to fall in love with the first idea you have without exploring alternative routes. You may have a little Robert Frost in you, and it’s worth exploring the roads less traveled, it might just make all the difference.

Each of the 16 options, can be used to accomplish at least one of the three primary business objectives:

  • Increase Revenue. (growing your total addressable market or serviceable one)

  • Protect Revenue (improving retention, increasing lifetime value or money per logo)

  • Reduce or Avoid Costs (reducing customer acquisition cost or operating expenses)

It’s important to note that for each goal, there are many strategies which can assist in accomplishing it. Per what is mentioned above, not all strategies are correct for each company, and the best strategy will leverage your strengths.

Below is a deck which outlines some well known companies who have utilized each strategy successfully, the conditions when it is a favorable option, and tips for how to have positive results if that particular path is chosen. Also worth noting is that within a portfolio of products, you should explore the full list for each of your products as their situation and strengths are probably unique. Different options will be applicable to each one depending on the current situation it is facing.

If you'd like to discuss a strategy question you're working through as a company or organization, I'm happy to chat and now have a no long term commitment hour long session available for anyone who wants to pay as they go.

If you enjoyed this post, I am available for product leadership coaching or team training. Learn more about my services and upcoming children’s book.

Coach vs. Consultant

Have you also noticed that there are a lot more people with the title "COACH" than before? I certainly have, and I don't think it's Frequency Bias. Because I spent time with every prospective client explaining what I do as a Product Leader Coach and I am a former consultant, it occurred to me that it was worth outlining what I think the differences are. Attempting to define the differences between coach and consultant, landed me in many larger conversations about what I now call "The Spectrum of Advisors". Like many other spectrums, it is continuous and it's probably rare to find any individual that doesn't blur the lines between the options I'm going to list below.

Let's start with the least involved of all of the types of people who you may engage with to provide assistance or guidance...

  • Advisors: These are people, often unpaid, who provide you with their thoughts on what they would do in your shoes. They often don't have very much context about you or the details of your individual situation, but they do have a good amount of their own experience to lean on. Most often advisors engage with businesses not individuals and are paid nominal fees or small amounts of equity.

  • Mentors: They are more familiar with you as an individual and your personal/professional goals and can provide guidance on next steps. Mentors are also known to make warm introductions. Similar to advisors they don't have very much skin in the game. It is important to collect mentors throughout your life who you can lean on to ask deep questions.

  • Coaches: First of all, coaches get paid whereas mentors generally do not. The main role of a coach, just as it is in sports, is to be on the sidelines and see things you as the player do not. They bring an experienced outside perspective about the whole landscape and provide targeted advice which YOU must implement as the player on the field. Coaches come in a variety of shapes and sizes, SVPG covers the types of product coaches here, but the basic they are NOT going to do the work for you remains true. Personally, I specialize in Product Leadership Coaching, which means that I guide product leaders at tech companies to make better decisions and sharpen their skills to drive results.

  • Consultants: This is the category which probably has the largest number of people who have the title, and also the one with the most outside opinions about why they are good or bad. A consultant should be someone who you hire to provide advice on something which they have theoretically more expertise than you do. They should be investing time to research the problem space and may also be engaged to implement the chosen solution alongside your actual employees. There are consultants for pretty much everything, and they can be independent or part of incredibly large firms (IBM, Deloitte, McKinsey, Bain, BCG, etc.) Unfortunately, consultants also have a bad reputation because often they are only hired to provide a deck readout which assesses the situation and then it's up to the company to see through the changes. While I was at Pivotal Labs, we were product consultants who saw ourselves as a "Player/Coach", we would work with our clients to improve their product development processes by both teaching and doing. This hybrid approach is better than consultants who do 100% of the job for you and leave you beholden to them forever for maintenance.

  • Contractor: There are many terms for this, 1099 (an IRS term in the US), "interim X" has become popular in the past few years, but the bottom line is that they are a temporary employee who works for you to do a job at your direction and discretion. They execute on tasks as if they were a full-time hired employee, but they are not on your payroll. Engagements can range from months to years, and often the lines become blurred when it comes to authority and responsibility. Often these individuals are referred to as "hired guns" as you are employing them to get a job done in lieu of doing it yourself. One big sign that someone is a contractor and not a consultant is that they will be issued an email address from your company which correlates to their psuedo-employee status and access.

There you have it, my personal thoughts on what the different non-employee sources of advice are. I've tested them out with clients and colleagues and iterated on them a little, so I hope they encompass some solid definitions. If you have something to add or would redefine, I'm all ears!

DragonBoat CPO Series: Manage Your Work and Team like a Product


As a product leadership coach and expert, Tami Reiss has guided countless executives and teams through defining their product strategy and setting up product organizations at scale. In her 15+ years of experience, Tami has built a philosophy around leveraging the skills you have and applying them to manage your work and team like a product. Watch Tami Reiss and Becky Flint (CEO & Founder, Dragonboat) discuss the best techniques in the Fall CPO Series.

In this webinar, Tami covers how to:

  • How to identify the most effective opportunities and strategies for your growth

  • Tips to advance your career and leverage your existing skills

  • How to ensure alignment between product teams and company growth strategies

Read the Full Transcript

The following transcript has been altered for readability. 

Becky Flint: Hello everyone. Great to have you here for the CPO series. And here’s where the CPOs and the future CPOs come to learn, chat, share, and engage with the community. My name is Becky. I’m the CEO & Founder of Dragonboat. Dragonboat is the product portfolio management platform for outcome focused Chief Product Officers and their teams. It’s adopted by 3000 teams and more and growing every day in more than 60 countries.

Today I’m very excited to share a product leader coach’s point of view on how to manage your work and team like a product with Tami Reiss. Tami has extensive product leadership, and product strategy experience in many industries from B2B SaaS, to consumer Fintech. She has also been a product consultant coach for years including working with Melissa Perry. Currently, she has her own business helping future product leaders as a product coach.

Tami Reiss: Thank you. Yes, I work as a product leader coach now, which means that I specialize in working with product executives. So generally directors and above on how to be awesome at their job.

Becky Flint: Yes. I love that. So today we will have some open questions for Tami. I want to start with your point of view, Tami. What do you mean when you say manage your work and team like a product? How is it different from managing in different ways?

Tami Reiss: So my tagline when it comes to how it is that I work with product leaders is that I want them to use all of the skills they already know about when it comes to managing a product. So that’s customer discovery. How do you collaborate with cross-functional teams? How do you establish a vision? All of the things that you do over there, and use that with everything else you’re doing? So thinking about the work product, whether it’s a presentation or organizational design or a roadmap. That it is a product.

Thinking about your career as a product, thinking about yourself as a product. What are your unique selling propositions? What features are you missing? Where is there a gap analysis you can do about yourself? And really thinking about all of those skills. How can you utilize them to make what it is you’re doing better?


And so the way I like to think about product management is that there are three core questions. The first is, where do you want to go? So that’s the vision, the goals, all of the stuff in that sense. Where are you now? That’s a lot of what Dragonboat provides, which is data analytics, and 360s about what’s going on right now. It shows what’s good, what’s bad, SWOT analysis, et cetera about whatever it is you’re focused on.

And then what should you do next? Where should we go next? And that is a matter of setting out a strategy, a plan, a direction, a north star. This helps you choose the actionable items you’re going to do next. And that’s what we do with products all the time. That’s core product management. But if you can apply that to a deck or org design, etc, you’ll be more successful.

Becky Flint: Right, right. I love this idea of manage your work and team like a product. It’s a really cool approach and a different mindset. Really think about we are customers and do research and analysis and design.

Tami Reiss: Yes! And when you manage your work and team like a product, it’s an approach you’re already good at, right? It’s an approach you’re already good at because you’re a product leader. You’ve made your career by being good at these things.

Becky Flint: So speaking of which, so let’s take an example. This is really the topic of this chat anyway. So when you say manage your team and work as a product, maybe we’ll start with one. So how do you manage your work as a product?

Tami Reiss: So as you said, it starts with knowing what your goals are and knowing what your audience is. So that’s part of the where are you now? Who are the people that you’re trying to convince to do something, whatever that thing is, right? Or inform them about something.

And then you have to understand where is it that they live, where is it that they work, what are their goals. What’s in it for them and what it is you’re trying to present or change? And so that is a lot of the prep work that a lot of people don’t do. Instead, people are like, all right, here’s the idea, here’s the work product, here’s the roadmap. And they show up to a meeting to present it and they forget about investing the time and saying why do we even have a roadmap? Why am I reporting on resource allocation?


Why is it that I’m reporting on the effectiveness of a certain particular initiative? And why is it important that I’m reporting about how certain product releases led to certain AR growth? And who is my audience? What do they care about? And therefore what does my presentation need to show? So a lot of what I do is help people work on their roadmap presentations for boards because it happens pretty frequently for CPOs.

If you just show a roadmap and you haven’t outlined your goals and how those goals are associated with business growth, you lose the board automatically. So you have to start there, right? And then it’s a matter of, okay, they don’t really care about a lot of the little things that are on this roadmap. Let’s take that out, let’s only talk about broader strokes and let’s talk about themes. How do I correlate the items on my roadmap to those three goals or other themes that have been presented by other leaders in the board meeting, right?


Because I am one piece of a larger story arc that’s being presented today. And that’s part of knowing where you are, where are you within the presentation? What has already been shown to these people and where do you want to go? What are you trying to build with your presentation? So are you trying to build confidence? Are you trying to get money for something? What is it that’s going to help other people have trust in you? Have confidence in you as a product leader in executing this roadmap and that this roadmap helps execute the larger business goals.


And so a lot of what you can do is just the prep work of understanding where you’re going, what your goals are, who you’re trying to convince, who’s going to be resistant to it. And then even doing a lot of pre-work with talking to individuals about what you’re planning on presenting so that they will give you feedback the same way we would with the product, get feedback in advance so that you know what you’re going into when you’re presenting. What isn’t clear in the slide and the takeaway in the document et cetera in advance so that when you publish it or present your work product, you have more confidence that it’s going to hit on the right notes.

Becky Flint: I love that you called out thinking about who’s the audience and what they need/ care about.

Tami Reiss: It’s about your customers.

Becky Flint: Right, to think about who’s the customer for every event, board meeting.

Tami Reiss: Who’s the customer and who’s the buyer? We all work in B2B, right? Those are often two different crews. So thinking about both of those.

Becky Flint: Right? So this is really great to think about. The second part I think I want to unpack a little bit is what you want out of them. Sometimes the people go there to present a lot of information floated by everything and they didn’t think about what you want them to do after they receive that. I think that a lot of product leaders forget to come in here to show the great things that we did, yes maybe your goal is to say have them impressed, but you have a very limited window to work with the board. Is there something they can help you think hard first?

Tami Reiss: And think about you only have a very, as you said, short window. And so really, your goal isn’t to give them all the information. Your goal is to actually have them trust you and be confident in you, that is the goal. And people misinterpret that because informing the board isn’t as important as building their trust. And so you have to give them the right level of information. You can include lots of details in the appendix and if they ask you a more detailed question, you should be ready for it with data and data points so that they can build confidence that you actually have done your homework. But that doesn’t actually need to be in the slide.


The slide is the overarching arc of I’m trying to go from here to there with the products so that our business can go from here to there with its growth, with it’s profitability, whatever it is that the goal is, right? And you can communicate that and you can draw those ties for them and connect the dots for them. That will build a lot more confidence than you putting out lots of data and way too much information.

Becky Flint: This is a so important call out. Definitely want to just double click on that. Especially for some of Chief Product Officers relatively new, haven’t really worked with the board before so much.

And also tell a story of one of the previous sessions, who is an investor who came over to say, well they have a new CPO and just get funding and then working with the board and the board was like, oh my god, this CPOs not good. She doesn’t know what she’s doing. She’s all over the place. And she actually, I didn’t know, could have connected her with you but anyway, she came to a Dragonboat but we built a framework for her. So here is how you talk about goals, strategies, and themes.

And then the next board meeting board say, oh my god, what happened to her? She’s totally in control. She knows what she’s doing, she knows how to talk. I mean to your point, that you have maybe five minutes or less, one or two sides with the board. And especially as a new Chief Product Officer, our new board that building confidence is so critical.

Tami Reiss: Exactly, but that comes back to knowing your goal. If your goal was to inform, you would do something different. But your goal is to build confidence. And I actually had a client who I helped become a CPO. She was an SVP of product, she was still the top, but she wanted that C title. And so I helped her create a deck that actually convinced the CEO and the board to give her the C title.

But at some point she said to me, Tami, can you go over my board decks? I’ve been giving them for years. I used to work for Vista, I work for this company. She eventually worked for a company that was done by Insight and she said, I’ve never seen anyone else present a Chief Product Officer set of slides or set of slides. I don’t even know if I’m doing it right?


And I said, do you know who knows? She said, no, who can I ask? I said, your board. Don’t just ask me, ask your board. This is what they do. They see presentations day in and day out from all of these different product managers. Get a feedback session with them and say, what am I doing well, where are their questions that I’m not answering? And it turned out she was kicking butt but she had no idea. But she never thought to talk to her board members as the users, the customers of her deck. And this really applies to anything, right? This applies to an org design chart that you might be rolling out to your product team.

This might apply to documentation that you’re having your team provide on Confluence or otherwise, any of those things. Take a moment to say what is our goal. Who is our audience? Who are our customers? What are their goals? What’s the job to be done here? All of the things we do for products but for our work product.

Becky Flint: And that’s the one thing also, I heard you in your example is that don’t try to roll out something that’s perfect. You get feedback that’s … Hey we all know that right? You get feedback. And I think that’s very interesting that people in a different way they don’t think about that.

Tami Reiss: You would never do it, you would never do it as a product person. It’s why lean and agile are so important to us and we don’t think about that for the other things we’re doing. And like we know that if we did that with a product, there’d be very high risk and we would never do it.

So why would you do that with other things? I recently gave a speech at an industry conference, the three-question speech, and I was like, I haven’t been on stage in years because of COVID. And do you know what I did? I reached out to a few of my clients and I said, can we get a group of people together that I can give this speech to that they can give me feedback? Because it was really high risk for me not to have done that in advance. I had a survey, they provided me feedback, and people sent me notes. I learned about the timing of what I was saying, but it would’ve been really dumb for me to show up in Cleveland and be on stage without that.

Becky Flint: Right, right. Totally makes sense. Speaking of which, your customers, so obviously you work with a lot of customers over the years. What are some of your most successful customers and what are some not successful ones that take a long time to become successful? What are the differences you see?

Tami Reiss: So my clients, my coaching clients, that sort of customer, what I would say is that it starts with coachability. So are you willing to receive information that I can even get when our intro call very often, how much does this person actually going to take advice? Because I’m writing an article right now about the difference between me and a consultant and a coach and why a lot of people I think are adapting the coach title the main difference is that I’m never the player on the field.

My job is to see the field to give you advice about things I see that you might not see, but also to give you advice, right? I’m not going to do it for you. You have to own the advice. You have to tell me what works, and what doesn’t work for you. And you have to take the action.


And so my best clients are the ones that actually listen and they take the action and they really internalize it. I worked with a person at Amazon who was trying to become an L7 there, which is a big deal. And she was saying to me that very often people would be talking about things and she didn’t want to step on other people’s toes that other people would raise their hand to lead an initiative. I said to her, I said, why aren’t you raising your hand? She said, well these other people can do it. And I said, will the initiative be more successful if you are involved? She said, yeah. And I said, because you’re awesome. She said, yeah, I’m awesome. And I said, so why aren’t you raising your hand? Because of the success of the initiative will be better if you do.


And she said, oh, it was a shift as to why she needed to raise her hands. But because she was able to internalize that, she then started to do a variety of other things that helped promote herself, that helped people recognize the work she was doing. And she got her L7 and then moved on from Amazon. But it was really about her listening.

When I worked with the client who pitched herself to become a Chief Product Officer, it was about us collaborating on a deck about that and her saying, her listening when I said these little details, let’s put those in the appendix, these other things, these are the things that are crucial. Let’s add green check marks or whatever else it is that helps visually communicate what you’re doing. And so whether it’s those two women or two men I’m working with right now who I recently … They were referred to me by Ken Norton. So I sent him a note and I was like, they’re both fantastic.


And I was really grateful. They come to me with thoughtful questions and at the same point they allow for me to push them forward. Whether that’s talking about their past, elevating a conversation with a CEO or a CTO, how do they navigate that stuff? And they see that I have seen enough patterns that the advice I’m giving them is designed to help.

Becky Flint: And I think this is so critical in terms of coachability and also in terms of sometimes people I came across was like, they seem to know everything. They just Google it and they’re like, oh you can do this, you can do that. What I learned working through coaches and others is that sure, everything exists on Google. Oh, not everything. In a lot of stuff in a certain scenario, the coach is the one seeing the pattern match that to you and the ability to see where you are, where you want to be, and take the pattern and say, this one works for you now. And then we change it in different way.

It is so critical to have, it’s really hard to go from one road to another. There’s a humongous change in responsibility, how you evaluate it, and how you work with others. And a lot of people don’t go through a time to do the self-reflection. So you said SVP to CPO.

Tami Reiss: And willingness.

Becky Flint: Very different, very different role. Even if you’re not having a promotion, it’s a very different role. So what I’d love to hear from you is a little bit of like that, right? So talk about the SVP of the product or head of the product versus the Chief Product Officer. What are the differences and how do people get through that working with you?

Tami Reiss: So I think that one of the big differences is interaction with the board. So I would say that’s a big part of it because you’re not going to often get that as a VP of product. And when you’re interacting with the board, most board members are finance people. So you have to be talking much more about business value and you have to learn their lingo, you have to know what EBITDA is, you have to understand their acronyms and ACV and things like that. And ARPU instead of NPS, they don’t care as much about NPS. It’s just not what they care about. They don’t care about the adoption rate or conversion rate. They care about those other numbers.

So it’s really important for you are able to talk about that net retention rate, et cetera. And whether that’s net revenue retention or otherwise, those are the things that I think are number one that most people don’t realize in a jump.


The other is that your first team is now this executive team. You now have fiduciary duties to protect the company and the executives, which means that you’re not going to always be able to be as transparent as you want, which sucks, don’t get me wrong. But you’re going to be involved in some sensitive topics, some exciting topics like mergers and acquisitions that you might not have been privy to before. You’re going to be involved in strategic conversations about geographic expansion or expanding your team or possibly, your company being acquired or funded. And that’s exciting. But it is very loose lips, sink ships moments, right? So it’s a lot more quiet.


But I think that something that becomes more important as a CPO, but it’s still equally important as an SVP, is learning to delegate. Learning that in this new role, even though you can do all of the roles that are beneath you, you have to be focused on the things that are the unique things that you bring to the table. And if you have too much noise on your plate and too many meetings that you shouldn’t be in because other people you can delegate to do them and you’ve hired deputies that can take on your voice in other places, that becomes crucial.


And it becomes even more crucial as a Chief Product Officer because the kinds of conversations are going to be part of mean that you need the headspace for them and you can’t be involved in more detailed work.

Becky Flint: That makes a huge amount of sense. I think a lot of people don’t think about where the strategic sign of the work, the thinking, it’s a lot of work. It needs time, needs to have space. Totally true. I know we have a couple of minutes left. I have a couple more for you. One is about people’s side of things. So obviously COVID is over, but remote work’s not. Also product in general, it’s a very demanding role. It’s never-ending work literally if you want to, so as a product leader, as a CPO yourself turning CPO, how do you prevent and manage the burnout and isolation, the relationship building when you are remote both yourself and with your team, and your stakeholders?

Tami Reiss: So I think part of it is actually finding times to be in person. Whether that’s quarterly, twice a year, or once a year, getting the whole product, organization, and possibly tech leadership as well. Not just tech leadership, but product and design were part of the product and then tech leadership together to come together. Because in person we can do it now, we can do it safely, so find a way to do that.

Similarly, as a Chief Product Officer, find a way to travel to where you might have a group of people in an office, be there for a week, show them that you’re investing in them, and get to know them more than on a Zoom. So first of all, second of all, I think it’s important to actually realize that because that’s going to be more limited. You need to reserve time for getting to know each other.


So whether that means in every team meeting, someone’s presenting about themselves or you ask an open-ended question, what’s favorite winter memory or what favorite Thanksgiving food or other things that just help with building connection and building laughter other than status reports?

And I think the other part is to be very conscious that it’s exhausting to be on Zoom all the time. So there are certain meetings that should be video required. There are certain meetings that should be video optional and figure that out. But also figure out what you can be doing asynchronously that doesn’t need everyone in the meeting. Be selective about who needs to be there, who can just get the email update afterward, and what can be done via an email conversation, sending of a slide, or sending of something else so that the in-person conversation when you’re gathering people is as valuable as possible because it’s exhausting.

Becky Flint: Right, right. It is so cool. I think the video optional is a great idea having some fun part is a great idea and a sync is definitely something I think a lot of teams really should think about that. I totally agree with you. The zoom meetings are very hard. So great, great idea. Now I think it probably was just wrapping up with the one last question. How do you get promoted from VP to product to CPO?

Tami Reiss: So let’s talk about how to get promoted right? Because I think that that’s something a lot of people care about and it’s something I’ve helped a number of people to do. And so similar to any other promotion, you can’t just show up to your annual review and say, where’s my promotion? This is going to take a lot of socialization and a lot of that feedback. What would it take for me to be CPO, OCEO, right? CTO, like whoever else, is there. Because often there’s a CTO and OCPO which upsets me, but asking the people who are the other Cs, at the C level, what will it take for me to become a CPO, right?

And what’s missing because that will help you understand your own gap analysis. The other things that are common are raising your hand and volunteering to be part of M&A discussions, and surfacing ideas as to how you can grow your company better.


But I think that the more you can be involved in strategic conversations, the more you will be seen as a C-level person. And as I mentioned earlier, the more you can start talking about business value and not simply customer value in the tropes that you’re using, the more people will start getting into your head, into their heads that you belong at that other table. But beyond that, it might mean you actually presenting this as what a CPO is. Because a lot of companies have no idea. This is what a CPO is, this is their responsibility of them, these are the things I’m possibly already doing, and these are the things I’m planning on doing this year.

Becky Flint: This is awesome. It’s like you said, it doesn’t come overnight, and having a roadmap coming towards it as well as having an understanding of the business talk and impact strategic conversation is so crucial. Now I know we kind of running out of time and obviously just to wrap it up, and I’m sure many of you join us here, really want to shift the way you think about your professional trajectory, become a CPO, get promoted, and so on. And Tami is your executive coach, so reach out to Tami. I think Tami also has an upcoming program.

Tami Reiss: Yeah. So I launched for next year as I was talking about, it’s not just a one-step thing, a product leader year of transformation.

Everyone thinks about the cost of coaching but doesn’t think about the cost of being in the exact same place at the end of the year. If January 1st is coming, if you’re thinking about what can I be doing in 2023 that will make me at that next level, hire a coach, whether it’s me, whether it’s somebody else, I put together a package that involves both one-on-one coaching and some peer group coaching as well as some other things. Because I think that if you can be investing in yourself for the year, and I’m giving you a huge discount if you tell me you commit to it now, it can really be transformative for you as an individual in your professional career and to become that Chief Product Officer or to become an awesome Chief Product Officer if you’re already there.

Becky Flint: Right? You are so right. I mean think about not the cost, right? It’s the opportunity cost.

Tami Reiss: It’s totally about the opportunity cost.

Becky Flint: Right? So great, we’re all out of time. Thank you Tami for the session on how to manage work and team like a product.

Tami Reiss: Thanks for having me.

Templates for Everything You Need as a Product Leader

I often provide my clients with templates that they can utilize to structure conversations with their teams and other executives. Here are my most shared ones:

1) Product Vision Brief

2) Quarterly/Annual Planning Brief

3) Product Initiative Brief

4) Roadmap Slides

5) Whole Offer Analysis

6) Build/Buy/Partner Analysis

7) Product Marketing Planning

All of these templates help answer the key questions you are posed with and them provide a jumping off point for larger conversations and planning investment.

Ethical Dilemmas in Product Management: A candid conversation with Rich Mironov


It's not often that we get to talk about Product Ethics in such a candid way. But, recently I sat down with Rich Mironov to explore the topic. And there were basically three topics that emerged: Products built that purposely crossing ethical lines, products built with no intention of being unethical but end up being used that way, and the responsibilities we have as product managers and leaders to prevent them both.

You can watch the video or read the full transcript below, but here is the tl:dr version.

  1. Whenever we talk about ethical dilemmas and what actions a person is responsible to take, it is key to recognize that often taking those actions are unavailable to everyone and we need to check our privilege.

  2. There are two big types of ethical issues when developing products -- those which are intentionally designed to harm (most often discovered by how money is made) and those which are being used in ways which weren’t intended and are causing harm (surfaced by utilizing devil’s advocate techniques, diverse teams, and groups responsible to pretend to act maliciously).

  3. It is everyone’s responsibility to speak up (see point 1 about privilege) when they realize a product can cause harm. A good test is to ask yourself if you’d be ok telling your friends, parents, or partner about what is happening. This is especially true for product leaders who need to create environments where raising one’s hand is encouraged even if it is to share bad news and potentially ethical guidelines to help start the conversation.

Below is the transcript of the full conversation with outside participants listed as “guest”. Enjoy!

----------------

Tami: Let’s start with the topic of privilege.

Rich: I mentioned the word privilege, I think this is really important. There are a lot of people who have to work to put food on the table for their kids or they are on h1 visas in the US which is a horrible system and punishes the people in it, you got a sick kid who needs the health insurance that comes from your company or you don't have money in the bank. There's a lot of reasons why you may be working at a job on a product that you may not love.

So we want to acknowledge first that this is going to be about people who have the freedom to stand up and say, “I don't want to do that”, and maybe risk firing or losing their job or getting sidelined in some way because it's never, never a popular discussion. We're talking about folks who have a little range of movement here.

And the other is there's no governing body for what we do. There's no official license or certificate that comes from the State Board of Product Management approvals. There's no Bar Association equivalent. It's pretty hard to figure out how you're going to get in trouble just for doing something that other people don't think is appropriate. So, I think this is much more about how we approach the world individually. And as product managers it is not about some rules and regulations that say there's some product management code of ethics, that there's some board that's going to enforce. I haven't seen it. I don't believe in it. I don't think we're in a job where that works.

So I’m framing those as much more of a personal discussion, I think, and how we face the world and whether we're doing things we're proud of. 

Tami: Let’s keep in mind that as people work in technology, part of our ethos is to challenge the status quo. And to say rules need to be broken, and therefore you're probably involved in some sort of culture that's encouraging you to look the other way around something. The question is, where are those lines being drawn?

How do we get better at establishing for ourselves, for the companies we work for, and for the teams we work with where it's not okay? 

Rich: I think that's right. I think we end up drawing lines for ourselves and the people we care about and the folks we respect, but there's going to be a lot of people out there who are taking jobs for a lot of money in companies or doing things that I personally think are abominable, and hateful. And, you know, I may call them out in private, but I probably won't call those individuals out in public.

Product Built with Malicious Intent:

Tami: Let's talk about malicious intent. So, we think about product ethical problems, there are the bad outcomes that actually come as intended, and then those that were unintended. So let's talk about bad outcomes that actually harm products. Someone has bad intentions. Do you think this happens?

Rich: It happens all the time. The way I think of it is, the company itself is in a business that if you inspect how they make money, you should be suspicious. If you look for instance at financial products, there's a bunch of companies who are in the business of at least claiming to be in the business of helping you improve your credit rating, and they have apps and they have all these things and worksheets and stuff.  

But at least several “clean up your credit” companies that I know if you ask where their source of revenue is, they make their money by referral fees from credit card companies for people applying for credit cards. And it's very likely if you have bad credit, and you're maxed out, the last thing you need is another credit card. So, they're setting themselves up to a place where in order to achieve the revenue goals, they're going to take the users of their application to a place that the users probably shouldn't go. Because the folks that are paying them and the folks who are using them have opposing objectives here.

Tami: Like check cashing stores, like a digitized version of them, payday loans, etc. Where they act like they're your savior when in fact, they're going to charge you predatory rates and you're never going to get out of the hole. That's actually their intention.

Rich: That's right. And for folks who don't know there's a couple of brilliant women, Nandini Jammi and Claire Atkin run Check My Ads Institute (https://checkmyads.org/ ), which is taking on the ad tech companies that say that they promote brand safety for major consumer brands. But in fact, those exchanges end up putting lots and lots of those paid ads on hate sites and disinformation sites and things selling Nazi memorabilia – against the ad exchanges’ own stated policies.

And so, these two women have figured out that if they take snapshots of the ads appearing on all these hateful sites, and then send them to the brand managers who didn't know they were paying for hate and disinformation, this is a way to de-platform some of the bad actors. Because in the AdTech space, there's a tremendous incentive to push out ads to more and more places, even if you think they stink. And the dirty secret is a lot of the tech companies say that they're all about brand safety, but when you watch how they behave, the money flows. They're funding all the folks on election disinformation.

Tami: In the nature of ads, there's so many parts of the web, which was never learned about. And randomly one of my jobs, I worked for a web arbitrage company, in 2008. So, web arbitrage for those of you that are unfamiliar, if you've ever Googled for something and landed on a page, because you just type something, and that page is pretty much just a combination of ads that lead you to where you really wanted. That's called web arbitrage, and they pay for that google click at 30 cents a click and then they get paid 60 cents a click for whatever you're actually clicking on.

What was amazing to me was that Yahoo was funding us, Yahoo wanted their ad network ads to be shown on sites and they gave us this premium pipe. I only worked for them for like a month before I fully understood what's going on. And luckily, talking about privilege, I was 26. And I wasn't really involved in product management yet. And I was lucky enough to be invited to Cornerstone On Demand through my connections to join that company. But I definitely would  have stayed at the web arbitrage company there longer at $15 an hour because I didn't have the ability to pay rent otherwise.

Rich: So I'm just thinking about some other things where we know we're likely to get in trouble and I usually think about the financial sector and the whole crypto meltdown of course is horrible but completely predictable. In order to make those kinds of returns, you have to do immoral or illegal or highly risky things and then guess what, you get bankrupt. Let’s go back, for instance, to the bond rating agencies. Companies pay the bond rating agencies to rate the bonds that they are going to bring to market. That payment comes from the company's floating bonds. So, the bond rating agencies have a lot of incentive to put in higher scores than the bond buyers would like. Finance markets are rife with these kinds of mixed incentives.

We'll throw one more out before we let the category go – the company that used to be called Facebook, whatever it's called today. They are in the business of capturing as much of your personal information as they possibly can and selling it to advertisers who want to know all about you, that you don't want to tell them. At every step, we've seen that the safeties that they apply there and others in the market (like everything happening in Twitter) is half-hearted.  It's window dressing. It's spam washing or whatever, because they're really trying to maximize revenue at the expense of the user’s data. If you didn't think that's what they were doing, then I think you're not a product manager who understands your own economic model.

Tami: As we say, follow the money.

Rich: The other category we’re going to get to is bad outcomes that we didn’t intend, but let’s open for questions. Someone called out that Insurance companies incentivize their salespeople to sell insurance or warranties that you don’t really need. 

Guest: I work in finance and we’re utilizing people’s personal data to aid in machine learning and I think it’s a gray area. Even if it’s anonymized.

Rich: I think so too and I might ask what the use case is and whether it’s used for good things.

Bad outcomes not intended

Tami: It’s the sort of thing that Rich and I were talking about are certain employee groups that have stood up against when a new client shows up. Whether it's the government who's using a product or otherwise, employees say “We don't want the NSA using our technology because they're going to do things that are not we intended to do.”

Rich: And how did that end? Most of those people got demoted or left the company. And they signed the contract anyway. It’s a good example anyway. 

Let’s pick on AI for a second, because I think there's a couple of good examples here. I know that a bunch of banks want to automate approvals of mortgage applications, which makes perfect sense. If we can take good applicants out of the loop and approve them in 16 seconds would be great. The 60 years worth of mortgage data they use just accidentally happens to be real historical data. And anybody in the mortgage business knows that until recently (maybe still) there's a lot of redlining in mortgages, where people in poor neighborhoods or have the wrong ethnic group or their names don't sound right, they get their mortgages turned down, even though they have the same finances as people in richer parts of town. And so when we use that 60 years worth of AI historical data to automate mortgages, what we do is we can now Redline and break the law for people who should get mortgages in16 seconds, instead of having somebody spend a whole day doing that. 

Tami: There’s nothing like a computer that propagates bias. 

Rich: That's right. Propagates bias. You know, we've seen a lot  in the vision systems of folks with different complexions who either are or aren't recognized, because mostly training data was white men. 

FDA drugs were for years new drugs were not tested on women. We only tested them on men. And turns out that sometimes women are different from men in the way that they react to drugs. So there's some structural things here that maybe we didn't notice. 

Tami: But then what do you do when you do that? A non malicious intent but all of a sudden you realize that the seatbelt you design doesn't protect pregnant women? 

Rich: This is a different problem. If you're at a company that's doing something that you believe is immoral and unethical, and you're able to leave, I think you might want to do that. If you're a company that's got some really interesting products that really have a use in the world but we haven't thought through how the baddies are going to do this or where the trolls are gonna take us?

Like 23andme… You sent in your DNA, and you didn't think about the fact that some police department picks up DNA from some crime scene. And it turns out one of your relatives left DNA at the site, they get a warrant and they match YOU.. so they know it's somebody in your family.  It wasn't really what the 23andme folks had in mind, but here we are. 

Tami: And is that ethical or not? If you think about the positives of finding a mass murderer or serial rapist which has happened, that's a good thing to put those people behind bars. But then there's the invasion of privacy issues.

Rich: You know, that this one feels complicated and that the folks who have Nest door doorbell cameras that are capturing things in the neighborhood are invading someone's privacy, but maybe it catches a crime? Apple Find My Phone is being hacked by stalkers, but it's useful if you're trying to find your kids. 

There are products that it's not so clear. What I see on social platforms is that the trolls always figure out a way to bend the system, especially if we're not paying attention – if we're not doing what’s called the red team exercise.  Where we have a team that tries to hack our own product, we bring in some outsiders who know how to manipulate systems and people to see where we can get in trouble.

Tami: Anyone here have a Red Team? A group of people who try to break the product you’re working on.

Guest: I work for a Tax software company and we work with a third party who identifies security vulnerabilities, and we implement many of their suggestions. We’re trying to advance, but we’re making progress.

Tami: The third party's mainly concerned with hacking into your database.

Rich: Yeah. And I didn't see any other yeses. I think that's of course what we should all be doing, but it rarely happens and it's expensive and in theory we should pay more attention. I think there's an equivalent exercise where we get some smart folks who have thought a lot about how to twist systems. By now we know that on hotel and travel review sites the majority of the posts are actually paid posts by folks who don't get paid very much and live in Southeast Asia somewhere. They give the paying hotel five stars. If you're gonna be in the reviews business, you have to think about how folks are gonna manipulate your system, and whether that behavior is OK or not.

Tami: To a certain degree, you could explore your terms and conditions and how somebody would violate them.

Rich: Yeah. But, you know, to the extent that we hide behind terms and conditions. I have a slightly different test I would apply, which is if you told your parents or your kids what people are using your product for, would you be embarrassed? Assuming they understood. Or if you're out for drinks with a bunch of friends who you really want to still be friends with over time and are you willing to say, “here's what somebody's doing with our system that we didn't anticipate.” without utter embarrassment. I think that's, that's a much more honest test than in paragraph #411 where we wrote that it was okay to sell all of your personal data and locations in real time to people who don't like you. 

Tami: Agreed. Each team should have a checklist of things that could go wrong, and maybe start with your T+Cs and things that you're not supposed to do. 

Rich: That at least gives you a place to stand if you say we don't accept hate speech and we don't accept videos of people doing things where they haven't agreed to be in the videos. You know at least there you have, you have a way to start canceling some of this out, but then you have to look forward too. 

Tami: Yeah. Let's talk about one of the most public ethical issues of the moment, which is everything going on at Twitter. 

Who feels bad for this crew that is left there? I feel so bad for the people that are left, because I'm sure some of them believe that they're gonna to protect something and I can't imagine they're going to be able to. 

Rich: That's right. I think some people are there because they've worked for years to build really good systems and they don't want the systems to fall apart. And that's both moderation and back office. I think a lot of people are there because they can't leave. So back to the H1B issues. There's a lot of people there who, if they quit or if they're fired, have 60 days to find a new job or they have to move back to where they're from. Indentured servitude is supposed to be illegal in the U.S. but, but there you go. 

It was interesting, I read there's an 11 or 12 page document somebody shared out, from the team that had done all the analysis of what would happen if you let people pay the $8 for the blue check instead of actually doing the verification. Every single thing that was on that page was exactly what happened, but that whole team got fired and nobody cared. We argue about the definition of free speech, but the terms and conditions are being violated all day long. 

Tami: All right. So someone says, yes, Red teams are popular with engineering teams trying to break a product. Yes, we called that Exploratory testing. That's one of the things which Rich and I were talking about in advance. What we really need is red teams deciding whether a product or feature should be built. I've seen this sometimes with UX teams trying to execute design thinking exercises. This is where a product management function can make an impact. 

Rich: So if you go to the very beginning of the process, before we're writing code, before we're interviewing users, you know, whatever, we're chartering this new thing, that's a really good time to decide if this is a bad, a bad product to build. Now, unfortunately, if you're at that place, it's likely that the founders of the company have taken money or the executives have taken money to build this thing and have told the investors already. So I think it's a really hard sell to go to your management and say, we shouldn't build the thing we've announced or raised money for. I do think depending on the situation, I would feel an obligation to do that. 

But you know, you have to understand your organization and whether that's how that's gonna go over because you need to have a plan for yourself. 

Tami: But I think that there's also the option of figuring out how to prevent that poor use, once you surface it. Part of what we do as product managers is we think about a problem. We think about a market, a group of users that has this problem and how we're gonna solve it. I think after we get to that point, we should also say, what else could this possibly be used for?

Rich: How could this be misused? Where else could apply? And by the way, there may be some really good use cases we haven't thought of that are good for the company, good for the planet, make money, you know, take the tech we've done and apply it to a bunch of other really cool things.  So tho those are both the same sort of thinking. But, back to this point, I think we really need to take some time out and ask how somebody with malicious intent would abuse the thing we love in our building. Then, can we fill in some of those cracks? Can we fill in the holes so it's way harder for somebody to abuse our product and embarrass us? 

Tami: Let’s talk about some more examples.

Rich: There’s somebody I worked with years and years ago named Randy Farmer put out a book in 2010 called Web Reputation Systems, which is all about upvotes and all these things that people do on and many of the ways that trolling folks can abuse your systems. His conclusion is that we have to try. It will never get there completely, but that we have to at least take the easy steps. 

One of his great examples, and I dunno if anybody's old enough to remember Farmville. But one of the things that some folks did on Farmville, if you remember, you could get a tractor and you could plant different plants on your field. And so, so there's some folks who figured out what the pixel layout would be on a field full of two different colored plants. So they could put curse words and bad language and things. Basically, they planted plants in the field so that when the plants grew up, the two different colors would spell it out. Of course it wasn't text so no text engine would ever identify that these plants were words in the same way that when you look at those captcha things. The point of the book is there's always ways to work around the system, but there's 10 or 20 obvious things you might do to reduce the volume and make it harder for folks to abuse your system. Now that's what 12 years old and, and it was a couple years in their writing, so not new stuff, but gosh, this has been around for a long time. 

Tami: I feel like every team, when you're coming up with ideas, should ask somebody to play devil's advocate. So similarly, play villain.

Rich: Fun, that's fun. 

Tami: Let them wear the hat, let them rotate responsibilities across your team, play villain. What would you do with our stuff that isn't so kosher?

Rich: That's right. Sometimes you find some outsiders who are just good at this and you can rent their brains for a couple hours and have them entertain you with the ways that they're gonna twist your system in knots. Maybe we can't fill all of the holes, but let's fill some of the easy ones. 

Tami: I just realized that there's a business opportunity here to hire a whole bunch of ex-cons to do that. People who think out of the box in a different way. 

Rich: Yeah. You want to be careful who you hire, but yes. It’s threat modeling, but it's not about security so much, it's about bad behavior. 

Tami: Something you and I were talking about in prep for this with Rich was the nature of video filters against child pornography and it worked backwards?

Rich: Yeah. I don't know if anybody knows the story, for brief time, I don't know if it's still in place, Apple put a filter in place on whatever photos you uploaded to iCloud from your iPhone. They searched them and used an AI video search thing for child pornography. Now, it also turned out to catch all kinds of other things. Like I'm a parent of a small kid who's got a rash on his or her bottom, and I've taken a picture and sent it to my doctor.  And suddenly those folks are locked out of all their accounts. So unintended consequences. These are hard problems, but do we take the time to think them through? 

Tami: This is a good time to jump into what should we do about it? We've been talking about a few different ideas, and something that I think is important, especially for the scenario that we were just talking about with the baby butts is Diversity on your team. There have been a number of studies about how so much of AI and I programming is done by white males, and all the data, and how, as you were talking about with the mortgage situation, that there's a lot of bias that the data just surfaces without you even realizing it was there before. 

The importance of having diversity on your team when it comes to working on the problems, and not just thinking about women or people of color, but socioeconomic status, educational background, et cetera, to help you, just get rid of your group. Think  there are lots of initiatives to hire veterans and otherwise, like, I don't know how many of you know that when fireworks go off on July 4th, it puts a lot of people into P T S D, and if you start shooting off fireworks the day before, or at not 9:00 PM when they're expecting it, it's even worse. And so developing empathy for different groups by having representatives of those groups on your teams could be really helpful. 

Rich: Yeah. It's hard enough to hire product managers, let alone, you know, get 'em across the spectrum. I’ve found that folks who are parents turn out to bring an awful lot of skills to product management that the non-parents don't have. That's an illegal question to ask in the interview, so of course I wouldn't. But, if you haven't tried to negotiate with your five-year-old why we're gonna have our vegetables before we have desserts and sweets, then you're really not equipped to argue with the executives at your company about why we're not gonna take a deal that has a lot of money, but it's gonna crash all your systems. I mean, it's the same set of skills, but I find that folks who've, who've been in different settings, who've worked in different industries or raised kids bring interesting points of view that I might not have. 

Tami: Yeah. Anyone else? I have a question or ideas about how you could prevent it.  

Rich: All, yeah, it’s wide open. Let's do it. Everybody's too quiet. 

Tami: Way too quiet. 

Speaker 5: Yeah. I actually read  a book called Technically Wrong. Uh, for some of you who may have read it, it's a great book, where the author actually says, go ahead and hire Misfits into your organization  just, just to get that diverse perspective. I experienced it, I used to be an engineer and joined a team that had no engineers in it. My way of communication was very different from how the team was communicating. So it took me a while to figure out, okay, what's the lingo? How can I get less structured in how I present information and so on. So you're absolutely right, Tami in that it's not just about the typical race or gender or the typical attributes. 

Rich: What do we do when we've got a product team of seven and four of them are misfits and can't get along with any of our stakeholders? 

Speaker 5: Hey, that's a culture problem. I think that's a culture problem that you can address differently. 

Tami: I also think that as you noted, there aren't that many product manager slots out there in any individual company. But when you're coming up with your product decisions in the same way, you should be incorporating different inputs. Find those misfits on the customer success team or on the sales team or otherwise to join the conversation. One of the participants says one of her best hires was a person who was on the verge of being let go because they wouldn't work within the rules. Do you want to tell us more about that?

Rich: What kind of rules were they breaking? 

Speaker 6: Sure. I can say a little bit about it. This person was in a non-programming role where they weren't supposed to access the system, but he was really clever about accessing areas that he really wasn't supposed to access and get things done for his team. Rather than go through channels. He had been told several times “you can't just do that”. I was managing a development and a support team and I thought that kind of resourcefulness and initiative is what I want on my team. So I hired him into my team and he was kind of an internal hacker, I guess. I knew him and I knew his intentions were good, kind of a purehearted person. And he, and then he went on, I think he worked for that company in a development capacity. He might still be there. 

Rich: Very sweet. Good. If you all don't mind, I'm gonna shift a little bit cuz I want to change it up slightly, which is for me, one of the core skills of product folks, particularly product leaders. Everybody in the product organization should be able to explain to our executive team, particularly the less technical folks, in money terms why something is important. I have the belief that at least for some of your executive team, any sentence that comes outta your mouth that's not denominated in currency won't be listened to and doesn't matter. But, if for instance, you were gonna talk about what advertisers are going to do on your social media when you reintroduce all this hate speech and all this other horrible stuff, you're able to have a discussion that's about money, not just about behaviors or ethics. 

And if we're in a place where, when bad things happen, it hurts the company's bottom line. That's a really very strong argument. So rather than saying, “I have to quit”, go to the executive team and say “if this series of things happens, if people get into our system and steal all the personal data of our customers, if we're flooded with bots that all vote up some crazy thing we now promise to do, cuz we say we're gonna do the number one thing that's voted up, here's how it's gonna cost us money and public relations and embarrass us in the world.” I think that's a really strong argument to make rather than I'm uncomfortable, because a lot of it depends on your company culture, but in a lot of places, your being uncomfortable is not a problem of the execs. 

Tami: I was just gonna add that execs don't want to be embarrassed. 

Rich: That's most of them, yeah. 

Tami: They don't want to be caught with their tail between their legs. Oh, we weren't thinking about that. Your job as an officer of your company is to have fiduciary duties and protect the brand, the company, the revenue, et cetera. And I'm telling you, you're not protecting it right now. And so in not those exact terms, help them have a realization that their name is on the line. 

Rich: If you can go down a list of bad behaviors or bad actors and say, we have this opening where some bad actors could do X, they haven't done it yet, but they're smart, they're gonna figure it out. I want to make sure that our team fixes this before you guys as an executive team have a headline on page three of the New York Times that says, oops, another credit agency has accidentally leaked all of the credit histories of 50 million folks to people who are gonna sell it on the dark web. Or whatever the thing is. Because I think most executive teams, most companies will react well if you can explain it in terms that are less technical and more painful. 

Tami: Yeah. I remember actually one of my projects of Pivotal Labs  we were working with JP Morgan Chase and Jamie Dimon had come up with the realization, this was before the Equifax leak, that if one of the credit agencies had a leak, he wanted to be able to turn off Chase's pipes immediately. That if there was a leak and they found out about it, he no longer wanted Chase to be providing credit information to those companies. In reality, it's not something that really helps because the data is already there. But I liked the idea of saying, we're not going to continue doing bad if we find out something is wrong. 

Rich: This is about thinking and anticipating as best we can. I gotta tell you that some of the smartest folks in the world are on the other side of this line and they're thinking of things that we haven't conceived of or we're not smart enough, or we're just not experienced enough. And so there's no perfect system here, but you know, we gotta try. 

Tami: Yeah. And I think, something we were talking about, as a responsibility of leadership is to create an environment and safety for your employees so that they can surface these problems. That if someone feels like when they raise their hand, they're going to get fired. That's not good. So how do we distribute our privilege to the people who work for us so that they can know how to surface a problem, how to raise their voice and their hand when something doesn't sit right.

Rich: To be their umbrella, right. To be, to be their semipermeable membrane. I'm lucky enough to have been in the C-suite a bunch. I've been in the room where it happens instead of getting the news afterwards.Being able to walk in and say, we as a group have uncovered this potential problem and I will own it. Psychological safety. As a product leader, how do we set this up so that our teams trust us to give them the resources and the time and the thinking and the little bit of cover to do the right things. 

Tami: Something Matt Barcomb and I were talking about is how do we give them the sense that they could leave. How do we help them speak in conferences? How do we give them connections, et cetera, the privilege and the mobility that we feel. They should also feel.

Rich: It's double edged, back to the parental thing. Every parent wants their kid to graduate and go off and do great things in the world without us. I'm terrifically proud of all the folks who've worked for me over the years who've gone on to be better and smarter and more successful than me.  That's a source of pride In the short term. You really want to keep the best folks on your team if you can, because they do really good work for you. There's this trade off between am I helping my folks build their visibility and career and long play? But I don't really want them to go yet. The other half of that, anybody who's been a product leader, I think has been in this chair, if somebody on my team comes to me and says, “I need to leave or I have to resign, or I'm gonna take a job somewhere else.”

We have to check our emotions on that and say “I'm sorry to lose you, but what can I do to be of help? Can you and I plan how we're gonna backfill your job? Can you and I plan how we're gonna do this gracefully and cover the work? How do we position this in a way that's positive for you and the company? Can I help?” Because the day that somebody tells me that they're leaving my group is the day that for me and them, they're gone. Right now, there may be three weeks or six months or whatever your local employment requirement is, but they are mentally checked out. But, at that moment, I think it's our obligation to help people do the thing they need and want to do unless we think it's dangerous or illegal in some way. To send them off with a good farewell and our best wishes. We don't want to put our folks in a situation where we're forcing them to do that. So again, this is about choice. How do we raise the kids? Well, how do we teach 'em everything we know and make 'em big and strong and great product leaders so they can go on and be great product leaders somewhere else? Maybe not today if I can keep 'em for another year. But that's the career arc. Anybody who takes the other approach, such as “you can't leave, I'm not gonna let you transfer to a better job within our company. I'm gonna block your career advancement” has a different set of ethical issues. 

Tami: Switching back to ethical issues, I think that as a leader you can also create guidelines for ethics in the same way we have design guidelines or otherwise that if someone sees a problem, they can say “this is a violation of number three”. “I think this is a problem based on question number five” or something like that. This then elevates the conversation to we've agreed on a set of principles and this doesn't feel right about one of them. Help me create a case financially and otherwise that we can escalate to say we shouldn't go down this path because it's in violation of this and also has financial reputation, et cetera, impacts down the line. 

Rich: Yeah. I think that's great. I don't have such a list. If somebody else does, that would be a great thing to share out. 

Tami: Maybe we can create one.

Rich: Together, maybe we can create one together. There's a blog post.

Tami: Would you want to tell your parents about it? 

Rich: That's right. I think that's a really good test. You know, do you want it written in the newspaper and published to everybody that you know? And if not…. aside from some things we do which are intellectual property or secret sauce. Bottom line, I want to be proud of the work I do. 

Tami: Yeah. Money shouldn’t be earned from bad actors.

Rich: Now again, that assumes you have enough money. But, I want to be able to come home and tell my kid what I did at work today and not have her back away and hide in the bathroom.

Tami: Or at a PTA meeting.

Rich: Good. There you go. We got a couple minutes  Wide open on this or anything? Anybody got an interesting question to throw out or point of view? 

Speaker 5: I'll just say this has been a great discussion and thanks. If you start working on the blog or the, you know, the best practices guide, I'm happy to chime in. I have some materials that I can potentially contribute, but send, we don't have one yet and we need one desperately, 

Tami: Please send it over. We'd be happy to include it. The only thing I wanted to add is that yesterday I learned that Airbnb has a Chief Ethical Officer and that this might become a trend. I want to emphasize to everybody, this is something that everybody needs to own. That if you put one person in the title of them being in charge, it often means that they're the only one who feels responsible and that's not okay. So think about what you as an individual, you as a leader can be doing to, to enable more ethical decisions to be made in your org.

Rich: Products. Sure. Big companies sometimes have somebody who's the advocate. The whistleblower goer to person, the ombudsman. Oh, cool. So they have one at Dell too. Ifyour company has such a person, then you may not have to be the person who carries that burden, but you know, that's a good signal.

Tami: Well, thank you all for joining. Thanks again, Rich. I'm really glad you were able to have this conversation.
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Product ethics is an interesting topic and this only skims the surface of a greater conversation we need to be having as product teams. If you can raise your voice safely to point out things of an ethical nature that your company needs to be considering. You are likely at a company that cares about the intended and unintended consequences of its products' use, like all ethical companies should. 

Some additional resources:

https://www.mindtheproduct.com/how-to-make-ethical-choices-when-developing-software-common-questions-answered/

https://ethicalos.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/EthicalOS_Check-List_080618.pdf

https://ethicalos.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Ethical-OS-Toolkit.pdf

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Rich coaches product executives, product management teams and revenue software organizations.  He has also occasionally parachuted into software companies as interim VP Products/CPO.  A seasoned tech executive and serial entrepreneur, Rich has been the 'product guy' at six start-ups including as CEO and VP Product Management.  He is a relentless blogger, speaker, teacher and mentor on software strategy, product management, and aligning “what-we-can-build” with “what-markets-will-pay-for.”


Tami is the founder of The Product Leader Coach where I work with product leaders and teams to realize their potential by focusing on their strengths.

If you enjoyed this post, I am available for product leadership coaching or team training. Learn more about my services and upcoming children’s book.